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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric
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Types of Information System

Information systems are classified as follows: (i) Data Bank: It is the simplest form of information system, designed only for the purpose of collection of storage of data. These data can be utilized whenever required. (ii) Predictive System: In this system, data are not only collected and classified, but are analyzed also in order to draw inferences leading to decision-making. This helps in predicting, if certain conditions are not changed or changed or new ones are imposed. (iii) Decision - making System: This system is used for making decisions by generating alternatives and then selecting best alternative.  (iv) Decision - taking system: Decision taking information system incorporate the tools and techniques for implementing the decisions. Visit my page for more related topics.  
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Strategies for Effective Maintenance

  For Effective Management, it is necessary to do advance planning of maintenance policy for the organization after considering all aspects of maintenance. Historical and statistical records of the maintenance work are maintained and complied to assess the results and to provide guidelines for future. Planned maintenance is concerned with  the engineering aspects of maintenance and its relationship with the production and economics. Planned maintenance system consists of deciding the following in advance: (i) The form, method and details of doing the maintenance of each individual item of the plant, equipment and other machines. (ii) The tools, spares, workmen, and time required to carry out the maintenance. (iii) The frequency of carrying out the maintenance operation. (iv) The method of analysing the results.
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Human Resource Skill Development

Looking at the technological advancement and competitive markets a very high skill workers are required to meet the needs. HR skill development is also an important activity to enhance the productivity and quality of production. The skill development can be taken up adopting various methods and training programmes. The training programmes can be arranged at the industry premises by calling experts or the works can be sent to other places also.  
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Collective Bargaining

Collective bargaining is a process by which trade union and workers of industries come together to negotiate and discuss the terms and conditions pertained to their employment. it is a cost of bilateral monopoly where both employees and employers through their trade union representatives exercise enough bargaining power to resolve the issue among them without allowing any third party to intervene. The process of collective bargaining vary from country to country. Wage boards in India are examples of statutory (lawfull) collective bargaining. There are no hard and fast rules for collective bargaining. Issues included in the collective bargaining are, standards of living of the workers, issues related to productivity, wages, overtime payments, bonus, leave encashment, working hours and working conditions and technical and economic progress of the organization.   
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Systems Management

  Functional responsibilities of systems management are as follows: 1. System management is concerned with planning, organizing, directing and controlling the activities of systems for effective utilization of resources available. 2. To see that system work at optimum level. 3. Reviewing and modification of possible system. 4. Developing possible systems to speed up the work. 5. Generating alternatives to save organization. Management control is the process of assuring the efficient completion of objectives as decided by an enterprise. Management control is necessary because every enterprise small or big face turbulent (disturbed) environment. The following are the basic five characteristics of effective control: 1. Appropriate 2. Strategic 3. Acceptable 4. Reliable and objective 5. Cost effective 6. MPP and MRP 7. Inventory control 8. Forecasting procedure
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INVENTORY CONTROL

  Inventory is defined as the descriptive list of all the movable materials along with the cost of each item. Inventory consists of raw materials, work - in - progress inventories, components, finished parts etc. It excludes the machinery, furniture and other fixtures, being used in the industry. The main functions of the inventory control are as under: (a) Effective running of the stores. (b) Availability of the materials at proper time. (c) Avoid build up of stock. (d) Development of stock control system. (e) Specified raw material in maintained properly. (f) Inventories are protected. (g) For achieving inventory control objectives, proper policies and plans are developed. (h) Maintaining of overall control. Objectives of an inventory control system: (i) Allow for demands that are larger than expected, or at unexpected times. (ii) Allow for deliveries that are delayed or too small. (iii) Allow for mismatches between the best rate of supply and actual rate of demand. (iv) Avoid delays
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Which organisation has more chances to grow in future?

 In present scenario of pandemic, IT organisations and Pharmaceutical organisations are growing with full momentum, but other organisations also slowly coming back to track. Banking organisations are first organisations among the recovering sectors. Then comes the industrial and capital goods sectors which are looking interesting and could be among best performers this year. Hence, after the top performing IT and Pharmaceutical organisations, Banking, Industrial and Capital Goods organisations will be top performers this year. Then next top performing organisation would be construction materials organisation like cement and steel sectors.
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PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT & ITS ADVANTAGES.

 PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT: Participative Management may be defined as a system of communication and consultation to keep employees of the organization informed about the day to day functions and affairs of the company so as to seek employees expressions and opinions helpful to management decisions. ADVANTAGES OF PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT: Both employees and organization reap advantages from participative management in the following manner: (i) Creates sense of identity and belongings of employees towards organization which motivate them to show better performance. (ii) Better performances increase economic lot that leads to increased wages, incentives and higher standard of living. (iii) Creative ideas creep which improve quality of decision making. (iv) Establish good communication system between workers and management. (v) Develop a sense of commitment to decision to which workers are party. (vi) Create an environment of cordial and harmonious employer-employee relations. (vii) Develo
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Popular posts from this blog

HOW TO DEVELOP A NEW PRODUCT.

STEPS TO SUCCESSFULLY DEVELOP A NEW PRODUCT: Various phases for successfully developing the product are: 1. PLANNING: It is also known as zero phase since it precedes the project approval and launch of the actual product development process. this phase begins with corporate strategy and includes assessment of technological developments and market objectives. the output of this phase is project mission statement, which specifies the target market for the product, business goals, key assumptions and constraints.  2. CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT: In this phase of concept, the needs of market are identified, alternative product concept are generated and evaluated and a single concept is selected for further development.  3. SYSTEM-LEVEL DESIGN: The system-level design phase includes the definition of the product architecture and the division of the product into sub-systems and components. The final assembly scheme for the production system is usually defined during this phase as well. The output of
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Four C's Model for Evaluate an Organization's Human Resource Management Program

Explain how the four C's Model can be used to evaluate an organization's human resource management program?   Four C's of Human resource management program given by Harvard Business School: 1. COMMITMENT: Every worker should be committed to his work sincerely in order to give best performance.  2. CONGRUANCE: The worker must work in harmony with his colleagues and management both achieve his targets. 3. COMPETENCE: For professional employees to develop competencies and inter-personal skills. Such as coaching, group process and problem solving are the important tasks for HRD programs. Competency in performing the job as needed to grow organizations in a global environment.   4. COST EFFECTIVENESS: The salary or any other benefits provided to employee by management depends upon his cost effectiveness to the otganisations. So employee must look for his cost effectiveness in an organisation.
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Differences between manufacturing and service operations.

Question : What are the important differences between manufacturing and service operations ? (Summer 2005) Manufacturing Operations :  1. Manufacturing involve tangible goods production. 2. Manufacturing involve heavy plant and machinery. 3. Raw materials, work in process and finished goods can be inventoried. 4. Maintenance is often preventive and takes place at production site. 5. Customer is not in the most of the process. Service Operations :  1. Services are usually intangible (ex: buying a ride on a vehicle) 2. Services are often produced and consumed simultaneously. 3. Services have inconsistent product definition. 4. Maintenance is often repair and takes place at customer's site. 
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