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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric
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Strategies for Effective Maintenance

 


For Effective Management, it is necessary to do advance planning of maintenance policy for the organization after considering all aspects of maintenance. Historical and statistical records of the maintenance work are maintained and complied to assess the results and to provide guidelines for future. Planned maintenance is concerned with  the engineering aspects of maintenance and its relationship with the production and economics. Planned maintenance system consists of deciding the following in advance:

(i) The form, method and details of doing the maintenance of each individual item of the plant, equipment and other machines.

(ii) The tools, spares, workmen, and time required to carry out the maintenance.

(iii) The frequency of carrying out the maintenance operation.

(iv) The method of analysing the results.

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