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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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INVENTORY CONTROL

 


Inventory is defined as the descriptive list of all the movable materials along with the cost of each item. Inventory consists of raw materials, work - in - progress inventories, components, finished parts etc. It excludes the machinery, furniture and other fixtures, being used in the industry.

The main functions of the inventory control are as under:
(a) Effective running of the stores.
(b) Availability of the materials at proper time.
(c) Avoid build up of stock.
(d) Development of stock control system.
(e) Specified raw material in maintained properly.
(f) Inventories are protected.
(g) For achieving inventory control objectives, proper policies and plans are developed.
(h) Maintaining of overall control.

Objectives of an inventory control system:
(i) Allow for demands that are larger than expected, or at unexpected times.
(ii) Allow for deliveries that are delayed or too small.
(iii) Allow for mismatches between the best rate of supply and actual rate of demand.
(iv) Avoid delays in passing products to customers.
(v) Take advantage of the price discounts on large quantities purchased.
(vi) Allow the purchase of items when price is low or expected to rise.
(vii) Make full loads for delivery and reduce transport costs.



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