The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
Functional responsibilities of systems management are as follows:
1. System management is concerned with planning, organizing, directing and controlling the activities of systems for effective utilization of resources available.
2. To see that system work at optimum level.
3. Reviewing and modification of possible system.
4. Developing possible systems to speed up the work.
5. Generating alternatives to save organization.
Management control is the process of assuring the efficient completion of objectives as decided by an enterprise. Management control is necessary because every enterprise small or big face turbulent (disturbed) environment. The following are the basic five characteristics of effective control:
1. Appropriate
2. Strategic
3. Acceptable
4. Reliable and objective
5. Cost effective
6. MPP and MRP
7. Inventory control
8. Forecasting procedure
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