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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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Considerations in the design of an organizational structure for a company.

What are the considerations in the design of an organizational structure for a company? Discuss them. Designing the organization structure: As we know that an organization is a large group of persons united to achieve any task. It may also be defined as pooling of human and physical resources in order to achieve predetermined goals and objectives. Organization structure deals with the overall organizational arrangements in an enterprise. The classical hierarchical organization structure is the most influential structure rationale of the modern corporation.  While designing an organizational structure, different factors considered are: specialization of work (departmentation), span of control, chain of command, authority delegation (authority is delegated down the hierarchy), other principles of organization for a particular type of industry.  While preparing the structure, it is first drawn roughly considering different aspects and then attempted to weld var...
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Line Organization Vs Matrix Organization

Compare and contrast between a line organization and a matrix organization. Also identify the kind of firms where such organizational structures would be most suitable. LINE ORGANIZATION : This is known as military type organization, because in military discipline is of high order. Orders and instructions issued from the top have to be followed by the lowers. So in this type of organization, orders of General Manager are to be carried out without any say by subordinates and hence no chances of shifting of responsibility and hence known as military type of organization. As in this organization, the flow of authority moves from top to bottom in vertical lines, therefore, it is also called line of scalar organization.  Applications: 1. Such organization is suitable for factory of small and medium size, in which subordinates and operational staff is not too much. 2. Suitable for continuous process such as sugar, paper, oil refining, spinning and weaving industries etc. 3. Suitable wher...
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What is Scientific Management?

 What is Scientific Management? Will you prescribe it for today's organization? If not, why? Scientific Management was developed and introduced by F. W. Taylor in the year 1910 and he is called as FATHER of Scientific Management. "Scientific Management means the application of scientific methods to the problems of management. It is systematic and thoughtful approach to the job of management as compared to the rule of thumb or trial and error. Scientific Management was mostly adopted for increasing productivity and greater efficiency. It also aims for increased pays for workers. I will prescribe Scientific Management in today's world because all organizations in present scenario have to achieve for survival and growth. The following objectives which can be easily attained with the help of scientific management.  (a) Increase in Productivity (b) Increase in Efficiency (c) Better pay for workers (d) Scientific study of work (e) Forecasting (f) Time and motion study
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Preventive Maintenance

 What is Preventive Maintenance? . Organized maintenance work carried out to prevent breakdown by well conceived plans of inspection, lubrication, adjustments and overhaul refer to preventive maintenance. It can be time based or condition base. Preventive maintenance is a routine inspection of production systems and this service activity is designed to detect potential failure conditions so as to make minor adjustments and/or repairs that will help to prevent major operating problems. Production systems like chemical plants, refineries, steelmills or any flow shop operate continuously and cannot afford the break-down of a machine operative in the system. Since such a failure will bring the entire plant to a stand still and the losses incurred during the downtime are enormous. In such cases the preventive maintenance is most attractive and effective policy. The critical machines belonging to the production system are detected and are maintained under the preventive maintenance sched...
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Popular posts from this blog

HOW TO DEVELOP A NEW PRODUCT.

STEPS TO SUCCESSFULLY DEVELOP A NEW PRODUCT: Various phases for successfully developing the product are: 1. PLANNING: It is also known as zero phase since it precedes the project approval and launch of the actual product development process. this phase begins with corporate strategy and includes assessment of technological developments and market objectives. the output of this phase is project mission statement, which specifies the target market for the product, business goals, key assumptions and constraints.  2. CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT: In this phase of concept, the needs of market are identified, alternative product concept are generated and evaluated and a single concept is selected for further development.  3. SYSTEM-LEVEL DESIGN: The system-level design phase includes the definition of the product architecture and the division of the product into sub-systems and components. The final assembly scheme for the production system is usually defined during this phase as well. The ...
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Four C's Model for Evaluate an Organization's Human Resource Management Program

Explain how the four C's Model can be used to evaluate an organization's human resource management program?   Four C's of Human resource management program given by Harvard Business School: 1. COMMITMENT: Every worker should be committed to his work sincerely in order to give best performance.  2. CONGRUANCE: The worker must work in harmony with his colleagues and management both achieve his targets. 3. COMPETENCE: For professional employees to develop competencies and inter-personal skills. Such as coaching, group process and problem solving are the important tasks for HRD programs. Competency in performing the job as needed to grow organizations in a global environment.   4. COST EFFECTIVENESS: The salary or any other benefits provided to employee by management depends upon his cost effectiveness to the otganisations. So employee must look for his cost effectiveness in an organisation.
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SWOT analysis and its importance in setting of objectives and planning of strategies in an organisation.

 SWOT Analysis: S stands for strength, W stands for weakness, O for opportunities, T stands for threats. It has been common to suggest that companies identify their strengths and weaknesses, as well as the opportunities and threats in the external environment. The SWOT analysis are based on the analysis of the external environment (threat and opportunities) and the internal environment (weakness and strengths). (i) The WT strategy aims to minimize both weakness or threats and may be called the minimum strategy. It may require that the company, for example, from a joint venture, retrench or even liquidate. (ii) The WO strategy attempts to minimise the weakness and maximize the opportunities. Thus, a firm with certain weakness, in some areas may either develop those areas within the enterprise or acquire the needed competencies from the outside, making it possible to take advantages of opportunities in the external environment. (iii) The ST strategy is based on the organisation's str...
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