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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...

Preventive Maintenance

 What is Preventive Maintenance?

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Organized maintenance work carried out to prevent breakdown by well conceived plans of inspection, lubrication, adjustments and overhaul refer to preventive maintenance. It can be time based or condition base. Preventive maintenance is a routine inspection of production systems and this service activity is designed to detect potential failure conditions so as to make minor adjustments and/or repairs that will help to prevent major operating problems. Production systems like chemical plants, refineries, steelmills or any flow shop operate continuously and cannot afford the break-down of a machine operative in the system. Since such a failure will bring the entire plant to a stand still and the losses incurred during the downtime are enormous. In such cases the preventive maintenance is most attractive and effective policy. The critical machines belonging to the production system are detected and are maintained under the preventive maintenance schedule designed.   



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