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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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Line Organization Vs Matrix Organization

Compare and contrast between a line organization and a matrix organization. Also identify the kind of firms where such organizational structures would be most suitable.


LINE ORGANIZATION: This is known as military type organization, because in military discipline is of high order. Orders and instructions issued from the top have to be followed by the lowers. So in this type of organization, orders of General Manager are to be carried out without any say by subordinates and hence no chances of shifting of responsibility and hence known as military type of organization.

As in this organization, the flow of authority moves from top to bottom in vertical lines, therefore, it is also called line of scalar organization. 

Applications:
1. Such organization is suitable for factory of small and medium size, in which subordinates and operational staff is not too much.
2. Suitable for continuous process such as sugar, paper, oil refining, spinning and weaving industries etc.
3. Suitable where labour problems are not difficult to solve.
4. Suitable where automatic plants are used.

MATRIX ORGANIZATION: Matrix organization is used when an organization has to handle variety of projects, ranging from small to large. When a pure project structure is superimposed on a functional structure, the result is matrix structure. In other words the matrix organization is a project organization plus a functional organization. 

The project structure provides a horizontal lateral dimension to the traditional vertical orientation of the functional organization structure.   



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Location: Malleshwaram, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

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