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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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Methods of Management Control

 Question: What are the methods of Management Control? Explain each of them in brief. (Summer 2005)

Management controlling is defined as the process of determining what is to be accomplished that is the standard, what is being accomplished that is the performance and if necessary applying corrective measures so that performance take place according to plans, that is in conformity with standards. Controlling process involve following steps:

1. Establishment of Standards

2. Measurement of Performance

3. Appraisal of Performance

4. Deviations if any, what are causes. Techniques of control are :

(a) Real Time Control

(b) Feed Forward Control

(c) PERT (Programme Evaluation & Review Technique)

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