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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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The concept of financial management. The important characteristics of financial management.

Financial management is the most important branch of business administration. One cannot think of any business activity in isolation from its financial implications. Acceptance and rejection of any business position depends on the basis of its financial viabilities. So we can say that finance is considered the life blood of a business enterprise. business finance is a broader term then corporation finance because the later deals with the financial problems of corporate enterprise whereas the former is considered with the financial problems of proprietorship, partnership companies and other types of business enterprises.  Characteristics of financial management: The importance of financial management is described below: (a) It is the most important and excellent tool by which funds are raised from various sources for onward allocation on various projects. (b) It provides desigining and implementation of plans for effective utilization of funds so raised. (c) It makes decision on fin...
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Justification related to acceptance of escalation of rate in a contract.

The anticipated rise in the cost of materials and/or labour cannot be predicted or forecasted. The rates are quoted by the tenderers keeping the present market rates in mind. The cost indices relating to materials, minimum wages payable to an unskilled labour, prices of materials are published from time by the Government of India, Ministry of Statistics. These rates and indices indicate whether or not there is any increase in rates. If any increase is noticed, the same is regarded as payable in the form of payment under the respective provisions of the agreement. It is therefore, completely logical to pay escalation in any contract. The only precaution to be taken is that the department must ensure that escalation payment has been paid and passed on the labour by the contractor or/and the contractor must pay the escalated price of materials.   
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The role of safety stock in an MRP system.

  If there were randomness in lead times and production rates and variation in defect or scrap rates, production and purchasing could be schedules to meet all requirements exactly as needed with safety stocks. The key to adapting to these uncertainties efficiently is to determine which items and processes are most subject to randomness, as well as the types and causes of the variation. For those items in which variations are prevalent, we want to determine whether the variation is in time or in quantity. If the variations are in the quantity produced. safety stocks can make up for small production short falls and keep the process operating. For regularly produced items, small amounts of safety stock of the end product and/ or strategically selected components can compensate for minor production or procurement shortages and possibly for short time delays.    
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The construction of Cantilever RCC slab from starting up to commissioning.

Construction of Cantilever RCC Slab: The following steps would be involved: (i) Form Work: Staging should be designed and erected. The staging shall be of tubular steel structure with adequate bracing as approved or made of built up structural section made from rolled structural steel sections. Shuttering used shall be of sufficient stiffness to avoid excessive deflection and joints should be tightly butted to avoid leakage of slurry. If required rubberised lining of material shall be provided in the joints. Steel used for concreting should be suitably stiffened. It should be properly repaired before use and it should be ensured that it is properly cleaned to avoid stains, honey combing, seepage of slurry etc. The holes, if any must be plugged.  Suitable camber shall be provided to counteract the effect of deflection. The camber at free ends shall be 1/50th of the projected length.  The shuttering must be coated with mould oil. (ii) Placing of Reinforcement: The reinforcemen...
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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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HOW TO DEVELOP A NEW PRODUCT.

STEPS TO SUCCESSFULLY DEVELOP A NEW PRODUCT: Various phases for successfully developing the product are: 1. PLANNING: It is also known as zero phase since it precedes the project approval and launch of the actual product development process. this phase begins with corporate strategy and includes assessment of technological developments and market objectives. the output of this phase is project mission statement, which specifies the target market for the product, business goals, key assumptions and constraints.  2. CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT: In this phase of concept, the needs of market are identified, alternative product concept are generated and evaluated and a single concept is selected for further development.  3. SYSTEM-LEVEL DESIGN: The system-level design phase includes the definition of the product architecture and the division of the product into sub-systems and components. The final assembly scheme for the production system is usually defined during this phase as well. The ...
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