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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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Justification related to acceptance of escalation of rate in a contract.


The anticipated rise in the cost of materials and/or labour cannot be predicted or forecasted. The rates are quoted by the tenderers keeping the present market rates in mind. The cost indices relating to materials, minimum wages payable to an unskilled labour, prices of materials are published from time by the Government of India, Ministry of Statistics. These rates and indices indicate whether or not there is any increase in rates. If any increase is noticed, the same is regarded as payable in the form of payment under the respective provisions of the agreement. It is therefore, completely logical to pay escalation in any contract. The only precaution to be taken is that the department must ensure that escalation payment has been paid and passed on the labour by the contractor or/and the contractor must pay the escalated price of materials. 

 

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