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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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The role of safety stock in an MRP system.


 

If there were randomness in lead times and production rates and variation in defect or scrap rates, production and purchasing could be schedules to meet all requirements exactly as needed with safety stocks. The key to adapting to these uncertainties efficiently is to determine which items and processes are most subject to randomness, as well as the types and causes of the variation.

For those items in which variations are prevalent, we want to determine whether the variation is in time or in quantity. If the variations are in the quantity produced. safety stocks can make up for small production short falls and keep the process operating. For regularly produced items, small amounts of safety stock of the end product and/ or strategically selected components can compensate for minor production or procurement shortages and possibly for short time delays.  

 

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