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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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The purpose of staffing. The factors to be incorporated in the staffing system.


The purpose of staffing refers to the following:

(i) Recruitment
(ii) Training and retraining.
(iii) Motivating the people, in order to introduce self control.
(iv) To place right persons in right positions.
(v) To promote deserving persons on vacant posts.
(vi) Develop persons for the better prospects of the individual as well as of organisation. 

Process of staffing is affected by several environmental factors. These factors can be grouped into following two categories:

(i) External environmental factors: External environmental factors affect staffing to various degrees. these factors can be grouped into educational, socio-cultural, legal political and economical factors. (i.e. economic constrains or opportunities).

(ii) Internal environmental factors: Staffing is also affected due to promotion policy i.e. whether the promotion from within the organisation or through open competition. Other main factors that affects the staffing are: Organisational goals, tasks, technology, organisational structure, the kind of people employed, the reward and incentive system or other organisational policies.


 

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