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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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Support of linear programming in a site selection problem.


Linear Programming Technique : 

Linear Programming providing a means of finding optimum solution to practical problems. It can be used in a situation where it is required to maximize or minimize some quantity which is a function of a set of variables, subjected to certain rules or constraints. The quantity to be maximized or minimized is known as the objective function, and takes the form of a linear equation. The constraints can be written as a series of linear equations or inequalities. Every linear programming problem has its original or primial solution and also a dual. If the primal problem in one of maximisation the dual will be one of minimisation and vice versa, so that dual can be thought as the primal problem turned inside out.

The formation of location problems in linear programming terms help to reveal something of their general nature, stressing their common structural characteristics. Linear programming can be used for solving plant location problem such as:

(i) The location of single firm
(ii) Inter regional commodity flows and the allocation of production.
(iii) The dual and location rent.
(iv) Transportation of incoming and distribution of final products.

 

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