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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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Marketing & Marketing Management


Marketing:

Marketing mediates the interaction between the firm and its customers. Marketing often facilitates the identification of product opportunities.

All the production activities are necessary and worth while, but it must be emphasized that they would all be useless without the ultimate sale of the product to a customer. The customer may be consumer who enjoys and ultimately consume the product.

Marketing Management:

Marketing management is concerned with planning, organizing, directing and controlling the activities relating to the marketing of goods and services to satisfy the desires of costomers.

The functions of marketing management consists of (i) marketing research (ii) product planning (iii) advertising (iv) sales and (v) product service.

 

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