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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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The Sequence of Activities for Exercising Managerial Control in Organization.

 


The control process in all the situations have following activities : 

(a) Establishment of Standards : A standard is a criterion against which results can be measured. These standards refer to goal, plan, objectives, targets etc.

(b) Measurement of Performance : This step in the control process includes the setting up of methods of observation inspection and reporting. Reports at regular intervals, audits, test checks etc. are generally done to control the performance at various levels in the organization.

(c) Comparing the Activity : Results obtained are then compared with the standards. Returns received at regular intervals, audit etc. provide feedback for performance which is then compared to find out if there is any deviation. Negative deviation means a loss and needs remedial action, whereas positive deviation means a gain and does not warrant any control function, and as such the feedback information are ignored.

(d) Remedial Action : In the last activity of process of control manager initiates action for correction of deviation from standards. For such action, a review is promptly done to make control function more effective. In good organizations, a system is made for automatic and self regulating control process.

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