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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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Trends and challenges relating to quality in the present context of global competitiveness.

 


The dimensions of quality in the pesent context of global competitiveness are as follow:

(i) Product's primary operating characteristics.

(ii) Secondary characteristics.

(iii) The probability of a product malfunctioning within a given period.

(iv) The degree to which product is manufactured to the agreed specification.

(v) A measure of the product's life in terms of both technical and economic dimensions.

(vi) The ease of servicing (planner) or breakdown to include the speed and provision of after sales services.

(vii) Artifacts and appearance of the product.

(viii) How the custimer views the product.

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