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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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The contribution of F. W. Taylor in Scientific Management


F. W. Taylor (1865-1915) was an American and he began his career as a machinist in Midvale Steel Works in Philadelphia, USA, and rose to the position of its Chief Engineer. Taylor was basically concerned with the problems of increasing labour productivity without putting undue strain on workers. He conducted several experiments and through his practical experiments he developed a theory of management which came to be known as 'Scientific Management'. Therefore, Taylor is known as the father of Scientific Management.

Scientific Management implies the application of scientific methods of study and analysis to the problems of management for improving efficiency. It involves observations and analysis of each task, determination of the standards of work, selecting and training men to perform their jobs and ensuring that the work is done in the most efficient manner. The main objective of scientific management is to increase the efficiency of production in industrial organisations. 

 

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