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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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The concept of Total Quantity Control (TQC) and Total Quallity Management (TQM)

 


TQC (Total Quality Control) is an effective system of integrating quality, reliability, quality development, quality maintenance and quality improvement, efforts of the different groups in an organisation firm. TQC gives stress on prevention of defects rather than rectification. The concept of total quality is different from product quality and much more.

TQM (Total Quality Management) is a new approach which leads to improve the effectiveness of the company as a whole and a sincere attempt to ensure the active participation of each and every member to work together to minimize errors, deficiencies, wastage and rejection.

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