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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
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Important steps involved in Project Management.

 Question : Outline the important steps involved in Project Management. (Summer 2005)

The main steps involved in Project Management are : 

1. Project Planning

2. Project Scheduling

3. Project Controlling


1. Project Planning : In small projects, resources, constraints, and interrelationship can be visualised without any difficulty and the project can be planned informally. But if the project is not small enough then we need a formal approach for planning. Without effective planning the project cannot be executed. 

2. Project Scheduling : In broad sense project scheduling is a part of planning itself. In project scheduling one mainly concentrates on time schedule and allocation of resources.

3. Project Control : In project control a continuous check on the performance of the project should be made. The causes of deviation from the goals must be carefully ascertained. There are approaches for project control, the Variance Analysis Control and the Performance Analysis Control (Modern Approach).


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