Skip to main content

The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
Post a Comment

Decision Making in Scientific Management

Question 1(b): How is decision making in scientific management different from decision making in traditional management? (Summer 2005)

Scientific management was developed and introduced by F. W. Taylor in 1910 and he is known as 'father of scientific management'. Throughout his career, Taylor was cencerned with the problem of increasing labour productivity without putting undue strain on workers.

Scientific management means the application of scientific methods of study analysis to the problems of management. It is a systemetic and thoughtful approach to the job of management as compared to the rule of thumb or trial and error. It is concerned with the scientific bent of mind and is more than merely a set of techniques for improving efficiency. In order to execute the principles of scientific management Taylor and his associates developed the following techniques.

1. Scientific work study: It involves the measurement and improvement of work. Scientific work study includes: 

(i) Method Study: This study involves the critical examination of plan layout, product design, material handling and work processes, to minimise time, distance and cost involved in the transportation and storage of materials. 

(ii) Motion Study: It refers to the study of the movement of an operator or a machine involved in a task with a view to eliminate unworked or useless motions. Motion study helps to find the best method of doing work. Gilberth identified 17 basic motions involved in every human operation. These are search, select, grasp, transport empty, transport loaded, hold, release load, position, proposition, inspect, assembly, disassemble, use, unavoidable delay, avoidable delay, plan and rest for overcoming fatigue. Symbolically SH, ST, G, TE, TL, H, RL, P, PP, I, A, DA, U, UD, AD, Pn, & R (17).

(iii) Time Study: It implies the study of time taken to perform each operation of a job in order to find out the proper time that should be taken in doing the job. 

(iv) Fatigue Study: It implies provision of rest hours after a set time interval. During the rest time the worker can recoup (recover) his energy.

2. Scientific Task Setting: It is the technique of forecasting and viewing ahead every step in a long series of separate operations. It include:

(a) Routing: It implies laying out the route or both to be followed by each piece of raw material before its conversion into finished product. 

(b) Scheduling: It refers to time - table of operation.

(c) Despatching: It involves assembling of necessary resources, assignment of jobs, supervision of work, enforcing discipline and coordinating activities.  

(d) Follow-up: It is the last step in scientific planning which refers to checking of work and taking corrective steps to ensure that each piece of work is completed at the right time. 


Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Kindly let me know, if you want to know anything.

Popular posts from this blog

The construction of Cantilever RCC slab from starting up to commissioning.

Construction of Cantilever RCC Slab: The following steps would be involved: (i) Form Work: Staging should be designed and erected. The staging shall be of tubular steel structure with adequate bracing as approved or made of built up structural section made from rolled structural steel sections. Shuttering used shall be of sufficient stiffness to avoid excessive deflection and joints should be tightly butted to avoid leakage of slurry. If required rubberised lining of material shall be provided in the joints. Steel used for concreting should be suitably stiffened. It should be properly repaired before use and it should be ensured that it is properly cleaned to avoid stains, honey combing, seepage of slurry etc. The holes, if any must be plugged.  Suitable camber shall be provided to counteract the effect of deflection. The camber at free ends shall be 1/50th of the projected length.  The shuttering must be coated with mould oil. (ii) Placing of Reinforcement: The reinforcemen...
Post a Comment
Read more

Four C's Model for Evaluate an Organization's Human Resource Management Program

Explain how the four C's Model can be used to evaluate an organization's human resource management program?   Four C's of Human resource management program given by Harvard Business School: 1. COMMITMENT: Every worker should be committed to his work sincerely in order to give best performance.  2. CONGRUANCE: The worker must work in harmony with his colleagues and management both achieve his targets. 3. COMPETENCE: For professional employees to develop competencies and inter-personal skills. Such as coaching, group process and problem solving are the important tasks for HRD programs. Competency in performing the job as needed to grow organizations in a global environment.   4. COST EFFECTIVENESS: The salary or any other benefits provided to employee by management depends upon his cost effectiveness to the otganisations. So employee must look for his cost effectiveness in an organisation.
2 comments
Read more

Differences between manufacturing and service operations.

Question : What are the important differences between manufacturing and service operations ? (Summer 2005) Manufacturing Operations :  1. Manufacturing involve tangible goods production. 2. Manufacturing involve heavy plant and machinery. 3. Raw materials, work in process and finished goods can be inventoried. 4. Maintenance is often preventive and takes place at production site. 5. Customer is not in the most of the process. Service Operations :  1. Services are usually intangible (ex: buying a ride on a vehicle) 2. Services are often produced and consumed simultaneously. 3. Services have inconsistent product definition. 4. Maintenance is often repair and takes place at customer's site. 
Post a Comment
Read more