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The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric
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Unit Rate Contract


UNIT RATE CONTRACT:

Such contracts are drawn from PWD-8. As far as possible all tenders except for small works should be invited on this form. The contractor is required to quote separate individual rates for the different items appearing in the schedule of quantities. The contractor will not be in a position to quote the rate unless he analyses it in detail. The element of inherent uncertainity and guess is ruled out completely. It is possible to compare the rates as per schedule of rates, prevailing market rates and the contractors quoted rates for better appreciation of tender. Thus, the approach is more scientific.

The only draw back in this case is 'front loading of tenders' i.e. the rate quoted by the contractor are more for the items to be executed at the start of work. The risk involved in such cases is abounding the work the contractor.

 

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