Skip to main content

The general safety measures taken during civil engineering construction.

The following safety measures are taken during civil engineering construction. (i) Suitable scaffolds should be provided for workmen. (ii) When ladder are used, it should be provided with foot holds and hand holds and inclination of one is to four (1 horizontal : 4 vertical) be provided. (iii) The scaffolding should be properly supported and shall have a guard rail property attached to it. (iv) Every opening in floor of a building should be provided with suitable means to prevent the fall of persons or materials. (v) Fencing and lights shall be provided to protect the public from accident. (vi) The excavated material shall not be placed within 1.5m of the edge of the trench or half the depth whichever is more to avoid collapse of sides due to surcharge. (vii) No undermining or undercutting shall be allowed. (viii) All roads and open areas adjacent to any side where demolition is to be carried out, must be closed or suitably protected. (ix) No electrical cable etc. shall remain electric...
Post a Comment

The Planning Situations associated with the use of a conversion system.

 


Function of planning of a conversion system starts from the project report preparation. The efficiency, productivity and economy largely depends upon the quality of planning. However, main engineering systems which are required through planning are: Production planning, Product planning, Process planning, Material planning and Manpower planning etc.

Brief description of these systems is given below:

PRODUCTION PLANNING : Production planning involves a system to plan production, cost, quality and time. Planning always begins with the analysis of given data on the basis of which a scheme of the utilization of the firm's services can be obtained so that the desirable target may be most efficiently attained. It establishes the basic relationship among (a) sales forecasts (b) production capacity (c) inventory levels (d) working capital (e) raw material (f) production facilities. 

PRODUCT PLANNING : Product policy decisions and product planning are inter-related activities and decide about product item, product line and product mix. Production planning is done based on facts available from research and operation sheets. 

MATERIAL PLANNING : It involves setting up of consumption standards working out the requirements for all materials for any given manufacturing program, considering all relevant factors i.e. make or buy, specifications, source of supply etc.

MANPOWER PLANNING: It is a process by which management determines how the organisation should move from its current manpower position to its desired manpower position. Planning function helps the management to have the right number and right kind of people at right places at the right time so that it helps receiving maximum long run benefits.

CAPACITY PLANNING : It is concerned with the estimating future capacity needs, existing capacity, developing ways to modify capacity. Product characteristics, econimic factors and processing technology are the important parameters.

FACILITY LOCATION PLANNING : It involves careful consideration of various factors for the selection of an appropriate location for installing production facility.

FACILITY LAYOUT PLANNING : It refers to the selection of particular configuration of departments, work stations and equipment involved in the production system. It relates to choosing a special arrangement of the physical resources. The layout depends on production volume, sequence of operation, material handling system, space utilization economic aspects etc.

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Kindly let me know, if you want to know anything.

Popular posts from this blog

HOW TO DEVELOP A NEW PRODUCT.

STEPS TO SUCCESSFULLY DEVELOP A NEW PRODUCT: Various phases for successfully developing the product are: 1. PLANNING: It is also known as zero phase since it precedes the project approval and launch of the actual product development process. this phase begins with corporate strategy and includes assessment of technological developments and market objectives. the output of this phase is project mission statement, which specifies the target market for the product, business goals, key assumptions and constraints.  2. CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT: In this phase of concept, the needs of market are identified, alternative product concept are generated and evaluated and a single concept is selected for further development.  3. SYSTEM-LEVEL DESIGN: The system-level design phase includes the definition of the product architecture and the division of the product into sub-systems and components. The final assembly scheme for the production system is usually defined during this phase as well. The ...
3 comments
Read more

Four C's Model for Evaluate an Organization's Human Resource Management Program

Explain how the four C's Model can be used to evaluate an organization's human resource management program?   Four C's of Human resource management program given by Harvard Business School: 1. COMMITMENT: Every worker should be committed to his work sincerely in order to give best performance.  2. CONGRUANCE: The worker must work in harmony with his colleagues and management both achieve his targets. 3. COMPETENCE: For professional employees to develop competencies and inter-personal skills. Such as coaching, group process and problem solving are the important tasks for HRD programs. Competency in performing the job as needed to grow organizations in a global environment.   4. COST EFFECTIVENESS: The salary or any other benefits provided to employee by management depends upon his cost effectiveness to the otganisations. So employee must look for his cost effectiveness in an organisation.
2 comments
Read more

SWOT analysis and its importance in setting of objectives and planning of strategies in an organisation.

 SWOT Analysis: S stands for strength, W stands for weakness, O for opportunities, T stands for threats. It has been common to suggest that companies identify their strengths and weaknesses, as well as the opportunities and threats in the external environment. The SWOT analysis are based on the analysis of the external environment (threat and opportunities) and the internal environment (weakness and strengths). (i) The WT strategy aims to minimize both weakness or threats and may be called the minimum strategy. It may require that the company, for example, from a joint venture, retrench or even liquidate. (ii) The WO strategy attempts to minimise the weakness and maximize the opportunities. Thus, a firm with certain weakness, in some areas may either develop those areas within the enterprise or acquire the needed competencies from the outside, making it possible to take advantages of opportunities in the external environment. (iii) The ST strategy is based on the organisation's str...
Post a Comment
Read more